INDIRECT SPEECH (BAC)

rafai الجمعة 19 فبراير 2010 - 11:02

Direct and
Indirect Speech

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
simple present He said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	simple past He said (that) he went* to school every day.*
simple past He said, “I went* to school every day.”*	Þ	past perfect He said (that) he had gone* to school every day.*
present perfect He said, “I have gone* to school every day.”*	Þ	past perfect He said (that) he had gone* to school every day.*
present progressive He said, “I am going* to school every day.”*	Þ	past progressive He said (that) he was going* to school every day.*
past progressive He said, “I was going* to school every day.”*	Þ	perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going* to school every day,*
future (will) He said, “I will go* to school every day.”*	Þ	would + verb name He said (that) he would go* to school every day.*
future (going to) He said, “I am going* to school every day.”*	Þ	present progressive He said (that) he is going* to school every day.*
		past progressive He said (that) he was going* to school every day*
Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?”	Þ	simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school.
imperative He said, “Go to school every day.”	Þ	infinitive He told to go* to school every day.*

*Note than when a Yes/No question is being asked in direct
speech, then a construction with if or whether is used. If a WH
question is being asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause. Also note
that with indirect speech, these are examples of embedded questions.

The situation changes if instead of the common said
another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses
usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.

Direct Speech	Þ	Indirect Speech
simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	simple present + simple present He says* (that) he goes to school every day.*
present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	present perfect + simple present He has said* (that) he goes to school every day.*
past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.”	Þ	past progressive + simple past He was saying* (that) he went to school every day.*
		past progressive + past perfect He was saying* (that) he had gone to school every day.*
future + simple present He will say, “I go to school every day.”	Þ	future + simple present He will say* (that) he goes to school every day.*