INDIRECT SPEECH (RULES) القواعد

rafai الجمعة 30 أبريل 2010 - 8:55

REPORTED SPEECH
( TENSES )

Tense in "Direct speech"	Tense to use in reported speech
SIMPLE PRESENT	SIMPLE PAST
Cindy asked: "Do you like watching TV?" Giles said: "I don't mind watching TV, but there are things I like better	Cindy asked Giles if he liked watching tV Giles answered he didn't mind watching TV, but there were things he liked better.
PRESENT BE-ING	PAST BE-ING
Frank declared: " I am thinking about moving"	Frank declared he was thinking about moving
PAST BE-ING	PAST PERFECT BE-ING
He told them: "I wasn't expecting your visit"	He told them he hadn't been expecting their visit
PRESENT PERFECT	PAST PERFECT
She said: " I have just seen an old friend of mine"	She said she had just seen an old friend of hers.
PRESENT PERFECT BE-ING	PAST PERFECT BE-ING
He asked: "Paul, how long have you been studying English?"	He asked Paul how long he had been studying English
PAST PERFECT	PAST PERFECT
They said: "If we had arrived two minutes later, there would have been no cake left"	They said that if they had arrived two minutes later, there would have been no cake left.
PAST PERFECT BE-ING	PAST PERFECT BE-ING
He declared: " You had been telling me you wanted to see her"	He declared they had been telling him they wanted to see her.
FUTURE (WILL)	CONDITIONAL (WOULD)
I asked: " Where will you spend your holiday ?"	I asked where they would spend their holiday.
WILL + BE-ING	WOULD + BE-ING
Anna declared:" I will be announcing my engagement next month"	Anna declared she would be announcing her engagement the following month
WOULD	WOULD
Tony said: "I would like something to eat. I wouldn't mind a drink either."	Tony said he would like something to drink and wouldn't mind a drink either.

ADVERBS OF TIME AND PLACE, DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Direct speech	Reported Speechrt
NOW	THEN
LAST (year, month, week...)	THE (year, month , week...) BEFORE THE PREVIOUS (year, month, week...)
YESTERDAY	THE DAY BEFORE THE PREVIOUS DAY
Last week ,last year	The week before , the year before
Ago Two days ago , a year ago	Before Two days before , a year before
TOMORROW	THE NEXT DAY THE FOLLOWING DAY
NEXT (week, month, year...)	THE (week, month, year...) AFTER THE FOLLOWING (week, month, year...)
THIS	THAT
THAT	THAT
THESE	THOSE
THOSE	THOSE
HERE	THERE
THERE	THERE